Beware of These Common Pitfalls When Calculating Your Annual RMD

Required Minimum Distribution (RMD) refers to the minimum amount you must withdraw from your retirement accounts once you reach a certain age. This IRS-mandated rule requires you to withdraw your RMD amount at least once a year. If you have a traditional IRA, 401(k), 403(b), or other tax-deferred retirement account, RMDs are required.

Pitfalls to avoid

There’s much to learn about RMDs, but they’re pretty straightforward once you understand how they work. That doesn’t mean there aren’t potential pitfalls, though. Here are five of the most common:

1) Failure to take your full RMD amount

Let’s say you take a year-long cruise or are hospitalized for a portion of the year and forget to take your full RMD. Failure to make the full withdrawal can result in an excise tax of 25% on the amount you didn’t take out. If you correct the issue within two years, the tax may be knocked down to 10%. Still, it’s an expensive mistake to make.

2) Calculating the wrong amount

Failure to withdraw the full amount may not be due to being distracted. It may just be a matter of incorrectly calculating how much you’re supposed to withdraw. Let’s say your calculations are off by $5,000. That means the $5,000 you let ride in your retirement account is subject to a 25% tax.

Fortunately, several online tools make the RMD calculation easy by doing the math for you. You may want to check out:

• The IRS website: The IRS provides plenty of free guidance on calculating your RMD, including life expectancy tables. 
• Financial planning software: If you self-manage your retirement plan, the software you use may include RMD calculations.
• Financial institution calculators: Retirement account providers, brokerages, and banks often offer RMD calculators. All you need to do is enter your age and account balance to calculate your RMD. 

3) Missing a deadline

Your first required minimum distribution is no later than April 1, following the year you turn 73. In subsequent years, you must take your RMD by December 31. Missing the deadline can result in paying far more than you would otherwise pay in taxes. The good news is this is one of the easiest pitfalls to avoid. Mark your calendar so you never forget when RMDs are due, or better yet, set up automatic withdrawals so you don’t have to worry about missing a deadline.

4) Losing track of accounts

You’re required to include all retirement accounts when calculating your annual RMD. It’s possible to become busy in retirement and forget to withdraw from older or smaller retirement plans.

5) Failure to contribute to charity through direct distribution

If you’re fortunate enough to have more retirement income than you need, you may consider donating a portion of the funds to your favorite charity. Properly executed, qualified charitable distributions (QCDs) aren’t factored into your adjusted gross income for the year, which lowers your tax bill. Here’s the catch: QCDs must be made by direct distribution. If you take an RMD and then write a check to a charity, you will be taxed on the entire amount you withdrew. Instead, the money must be transferred directly from your IRA account to a qualified charity, bypassing you entirely.

If you don’t have an IRA, you can transfer money from a 401(k) or 403(b) to an IRA without being taxed or penalized. The trick is to remember that the transfer of funds must be completed by December 31 of the prior year.

The magic age

According to the IRS, RMD rules require you to withdraw from SIMPLE and SEP IRAs once you reach age 72. If you reach 72 in 2023 or later, the age is boosted to 73. This rule holds true even if you’re still employed.

If you own a Roth IRA, you’re not required to take withdrawals during your lifetime. However, after your death, beneficiaries of your Roth IRA are subject to RMD rules.

Paying Uncle Sam

Generally, RMDs are taxed as ordinary income for the tax year the withdrawal is made. The need to pay taxes helps explain why RMDs exist. One of the ways the government encourages us to save for retirement is by allowing us to make tax-free contributions toward most types of retirement plans while working. However, Uncle Sam eventually wants to be paid. RMDs are the government’s way of collecting taxes on money earned tax-free years earlier.

While dealing with another set of rules and deadlines may sometimes feel like a hassle, RMDs are a great way to supplement your retirement. The last thing you want to do is waste any of that money by having to pay a penalty.

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